Category I
Classroom-Ready Virtual Tours
Open the link, project on a screen, walk your class through it. No login required.
Virtual Tour · 360° · Amsterdam
Anne Frank · The Secret Annex
The Anne Frank House's official online tour through the rooms where the Frank family hid from July 1942 to August 1944. Room-by-room with original objects, photographs, and excerpts from the diary. Free, in seven languages, fully classroom-projectable. Recommended for grades 7 and up.
Virtual Tour · 360° · Oświęcim
Auschwitz-Birkenau · Panoramic Tour
The official Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial 360° photographic tour through both camps, with annotated locations. Heavy material. Most appropriate for grades 9 and up, with prepared framing and discussion. Free, no login.
Online Exhibition · Washington, D.C.
USHMM · Film & Online Exhibitions
The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum's free online exhibition archive — survivor testimony films, propaganda analysis, deep-dive curated stories. Built explicitly for classroom use with teacher guides for most exhibits.
Online Exhibition · Jerusalem
Yad Vashem · Online Exhibitions
More than thirty curated online exhibitions from the World Holocaust Remembrance Center, each built around survivor testimony, photographs, and primary documents. Free, multilingual, classroom-tested.
Virtual Tour · Jerusalem
City of David · Virtual Tour
The City of David archaeological park in Jerusalem — the oldest continuously inhabited part of the city, dating to the Bronze Age — offers a full virtual tour of the excavations and key biblical-era sites.
Museum · Jerusalem
Tower of David Museum · Jerusalem
The museum at the ancient citadel by the Jaffa Gate, telling the layered history of Jerusalem across some 3,000 years through ten galleries of archaeological finds and interactive displays. Its digital portal offers online exhibits and timeline material — a useful way to introduce the geography and chronology of Jerusalem to students.
Museum · Tel Aviv
ANU · Museum of the Jewish People
Formerly known as Beit Hatfutsot. The largest Jewish museum in the world, on Tel Aviv University's campus. Digital portal offers online exhibitions and a family-history database. Built explicitly for global Jewish diversity — Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrahi, and beyond.
Virtual Tour · New York
Eldridge Street Synagogue · Virtual Tour
The 1887 Lower East Side synagogue's own virtual tour. The first great house of worship built by Eastern European Jewish immigrants in America — a National Historic Landmark in New York City, with a 16-foot rose window and a sanctuary used continuously for 130 years.
Museum Wing · Jerusalem
Shrine of the Book · Israel Museum
The Israel Museum’s permanent installation housing the Dead Sea Scrolls — including a complete Isaiah scroll from c. 125 BCE — and the Aleppo Codex (c. 930 CE). The digital portal offers high-resolution facsimiles of the complete Isaiah scroll and other manuscripts, readable verse-by-verse in students’ browsers.
Category II
Archaeological Sites
Walking the physical ground of Jewish antiquity. Topic · The Land of Israel and Topic · Continuous Presence document the broader continuity these sites anchor.
Site · Jerusalem
Jerusalem Archaeological Park
The southern wall of the Temple Mount, the steps where pilgrims ascended to the Second Temple, the Robinson's Arch causeway, the mikvaot for ritual immersion. The most concrete physical evidence of Second Temple-era Jewish life in Jerusalem.
Site · Judean Desert
Masada National Park
Herod's mountaintop fortress, the location of the Jewish revolt's final stand against Rome in 73 CE. Extensive archaeological remains, including a synagogue and ritual baths, dating to the First Jewish-Roman War.
Catacombs · Galilee
Beit She'arim Necropolis
The catacombs where Rabbi Judah the Prince — compiler of the Mishnah, c. 200 CE — was buried, along with several centuries of Jewish leaders. UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2015. The Jewish equivalent of the Roman catacombs as historical evidence.
Site · Tel Kedesh
Tel Kedesh — A Site and a Project
The story of an archaeological site and the long-term project of excavating it — a useful classroom resource on how archaeology of the ancient Jewish world actually works.
Excavation · Italy
A Villa's Surprising Residents
Archaeology magazine on a Roman villa with unexpected Jewish-presence evidence — the diaspora recorded in material culture.
Category III
Roman Imperial Sources
The monuments and annals that recorded Jerusalem's fall. Topic · The First and Second Temples documents the broader institutional history.
Monument · Rome
The Arch of Titus
Erected on the Via Sacra in 81 CE to commemorate Titus's destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. The interior relief shows Roman soldiers carrying the Temple menorah, the showbread table, and silver trumpets in triumph. Both a Roman victory monument and primary archaeological evidence of the Temple's destruction. Tradition long held that observant Jews did not pass beneath it until 1948.
Annals · c. 110 CE
Tacitus · Histories, Book V
The Roman historian's hostile account of the Jews and of Titus's siege of Jerusalem — the source quoted in Unit 3. The full Latin text and English translation are hosted by the University of Chicago's LacusCurtius. A foundational document in the long history of imperial antisemitism, and a primary source on the fall of Jerusalem.
History · c. 75 CE
Josephus · The Jewish War
Eyewitness account by a Jewish-Roman historian who served as both Jewish commander and Roman captive during the Jewish-Roman War. The most extensive primary source on the events leading to the destruction of the Second Temple.
Coin · Roman Propaganda
Judaea Capta Coinage
Roman commemorative coins struck under Vespasian and Titus (71–81 CE) depicting a mourning Jewish woman beneath a palm tree, with the Latin legend IVDAEA CAPTA — "Judaea captured." Roman state propaganda celebrating the Temple's destruction. Held in numismatic collections including the British Museum and the American Numismatic Society.
Category IV
Historic Jewish Quarters
The ghettos, neighborhoods, and synagogues still walkable today. Topic · The Ghetto System documents the institutional architecture; Topic · American Jewry documents the broader American arc the Lower East Side anchors.
Quarter · Venice
The Venetian Ghetto
The original ghetto — established March 29, 1516 on a foundry island in the Cannaregio sestiere of Venice. Still walkable today, with five surviving synagogues and the Museo Ebraico di Venezia. The unusually tall residential buildings remain evidence of the spatial constraint.
Quarter · Rome
The Roman Ghetto
Codified by Pope Paul IV's Cum nimis absurdum on July 14, 1555, and maintained for 333 years until Italian unification finally ended it in 1888. The portico from which the October 1943 deportations were staged still stands. The Great Synagogue of Rome — rebuilt 1904 — anchors the quarter today. The Jewish Museum of Rome's permanent collection includes an immersive AR/VR reconstruction of the historic ghetto as it stood before its 19th-century demolition.
Quarter · Prague
Josefov · Prague Jewish Quarter
One of the most intact historic Jewish quarters in Europe — the Old-New Synagogue (built c. 1270, still in use), the Pinkas Synagogue inscribed with the names of 77,297 Czech Holocaust victims, the medieval Old Jewish Cemetery. Curated by the Jewish Museum in Prague.
Quarter · New York · 1881–1924
The Lower East Side
The largest Jewish neighborhood in the world by 1910 — peak destination for the more than two million Jews who arrived in America between 1881 and 1924 from the Russian Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Mediterranean. The Tenement Museum at 97 and 103 Orchard Street preserves and interprets specific family stories — the Levines from the Russian Empire, the Confinos from Ottoman-era Kastoria, the Epsteins as postwar Holocaust survivors — each anchored in real apartments and primary-source archives.
Category V
Holocaust Memorials & Museums
Documentation, witness, and memorial. Topic · The Memory Architecture documents the broader institutional framework these sites compose.
Memorial · Jerusalem · Est. 1953
Yad Vashem
The World Holocaust Remembrance Center, established by Knesset law on August 19, 1953 on Mount Herzl. The largest documentation archive of the Holocaust — approximately 209 million pages of documentation, approximately 4.9 million Pages of Testimony, approximately 28,000 Righteous Among the Nations from 51 countries. The 2005 Holocaust History Museum designed by Moshe Safdie. Extensive online collections, virtual tours, and free educational materials available worldwide.
Museum · Washington, D.C. · Opened 1993
U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States' national institution for Holocaust documentation. Federally chartered October 7, 1980 under Public Law 96-388 with Elie Wiesel as founding chairman of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council; opened on the National Mall April 22, 1993. Architect James Ingo Freed (Pei Cobb Freed & Partners). Approximately 47 million visitors since opening. Extensive online collections of survivor testimony, photographs, propaganda, and the Holocaust Encyclopedia.
Memorial · Berlin · Dedicated May 10, 2005
Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (Holocaust-Mahnmal)
The German national memorial in central Berlin, one block south of the Brandenburg Gate. Architect Peter Eisenman; 2,711 concrete stelae across approximately 19,000 square meters. The Bundestag vote of June 25, 1999 approved the Eisenman design 314-209. The underground Information Center by Dagmar von Wilcken documents individual victim stories below the field of stelae above. Free admission to the field; the Information Center is also free.
Memorial · Decentralized · 1992–present
Stolpersteine ("Stumbling Stones")
Approximately 107,000 brass cobblestones installed in front of the prewar residences of Holocaust victims across 31 European countries as of 2025 — the largest decentralized memorial in the world. Initiated by artist Gunter Demnig in Cologne in 1992. Each stone carries the name, year of birth, deportation date, and place and date of death of a single victim. Most Stolpersteine are encountered on ordinary urban sidewalks, transforming the daily walk to school, work, or the grocery store into an encounter with the dimension of the killing project.
Site · Oświęcim, Poland · Est. 1947
Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum
The preserved site of the largest of the Nazi killing centers, where approximately 1.1 million Jews were murdered. UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. The Soviet liberation occurred January 27, 1945 — the date observed internationally as International Holocaust Remembrance Day under UN GA Resolution 60/7 of November 1, 2005. Approximately 2 million annual visitors as of the 2020s.
Site · Lublin, Poland · Est. 1944
Majdanek State Museum
The first major Nazi camp liberated by Allied forces (Soviet forces, July 23, 1944) — the gas chambers and crematoria mostly intact at liberation. The Soviet documentary commission produced the first photographic and film record of a Nazi camp made available to Western audiences. The Holocaust by Bullets Topic and the Liberation Topic both anchor here.
Museum · New York City · Opened 1997
Museum of Jewish Heritage
Battery Park, Manhattan. New York's living memorial to the Holocaust, opened 1997. Notable for its emphasis on Jewish life before, during, and after — refusing the framing of Jews as defined solely by the Shoah.
Site · Amsterdam
Anne Frank House
The Prinsengracht canal house where Anne Frank wrote her diary in hiding from July 1942 to August 1944. Operates an extensive online virtual tour of the Secret Annex, alongside extensive educational materials.
Category V-b
Aktion T-4 Memorial Sites
The six killing centers of the Nazi euthanasia program (January 1940 – August 1941) — the pre-Holocaust killing program that pioneered the gas-chamber technology and trained the personnel subsequently transferred to Belzec, Sobibór, and Treblinka. The institutional continuity is the foundational claim of Henry Friedlander's The Origins of Nazi Genocide (1995). All six sites are preserved as memorial institutions. Topic · Aktion T-4 documents the broader program.
Memorial · Hesse, Germany
Gedenkstätte Hadamar (Hadamar Memorial)
The preserved T-4 killing center at Hadamar near Limburg. Approximately 10,072 documented killed at Hadamar in 1941 (the formal T-4 program), plus approximately 4,400 additional documented killings through the broader "wild euthanasia" period 1942–45. The preserved gas chamber and crematorium. An institutional history museum on site. Free admission; guided tours in German with English translation available.
Memorial · Upper Austria · Near Linz
Lern- und Gedenkort Schloss Hartheim (Hartheim Castle Memorial)
The preserved T-4 killing center at Schloss Hartheim near Linz, Austria — effectively the administrative center of the broader program. Approximately 30,000 documented killed at Hartheim across 1940–44: approximately 18,000 disabled patients (T-4) plus approximately 12,000 concentration camp prisoners (Operation 14f13). The "Hartheim Statistics" — the postwar accounting tally — gives the official T-4 program count as 70,273. The documented Renaissance castle preserved as memorial since 2003.
Memorial · Brandenburg, Germany
Gedenkstätte Brandenburg an der Havel
The preserved site of the first T-4 killing center, where gas-chamber technology was developed and tested in January–October 1940 under Christian Wirth. Approximately 9,700 documented killed at Brandenburg. The institutional precursor of the Operation Reinhard killing centers.
Memorial · Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Gedenkstätte Bernburg
The preserved T-4 killing center at Bernburg an der Saale. Approximately 9,400 documented killed at Bernburg in 1940–43 across T-4 and Operation 14f13. An on-site documentation center.
Memorial · Saxony, Germany
Gedenkstätte Pirna-Sonnenstein
The preserved T-4 killing center at Sonnenstein near Pirna. Approximately 13,720 documented killed at Sonnenstein across 1940–43.
Memorial · Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Gedenkstätte Grafeneck
The preserved T-4 killing center at Grafeneck, the first to begin systematic killings in January 1940. Approximately 10,654 documented killed at Grafeneck.
Category VI
Documentary Films
Long-form filmed evidence and witness.
Film · 1985 · 9 hr 26 min
Shoah · Claude Lanzmann
The 1985 documentary of survivor and bystander testimony filmed entirely on location across Poland, Germany, and Israel. Recognized as one of the foundational documents of Holocaust witness in film. Held by USHMM and Yad Vashem. The complete film is available in segmented form online.
Series · 1978 · NBC
Holocaust (NBC Miniseries)
The 1978 NBC miniseries that — when broadcast in West Germany the following year — is credited by historians with reshaping postwar German public engagement with the Holocaust at a generational scale. A primary document in the history of Holocaust education itself.
Archive · 56,000+ testimonies
USC Shoah Foundation Visual History Archive
Founded by Steven Spielberg in 1994. More than 56,000 video testimonies of Holocaust survivors and witnesses, recorded in 41 languages across 65 countries. Free institutional access via authorized university libraries and online portals. Includes the dedicated Antisemitism Since 1945 and October 7 Testimonies collections.
Resource · Echoes & Reflections
Antisemitism & Video Toolbox
Free Holocaust-education curriculum for grades 6–12 from a partnership of ADL, USC Shoah Foundation, and Yad Vashem. Includes a dedicated unit on antisemitism and a video toolbox for the classroom.
Category VII
Historic Synagogues
Continuity in stone — from medieval Europe to the New World. Topic · The Synagogue documents the broader institutional history these buildings compose.
Synagogue · Prague · c. 1270
Old-New Synagogue (Altneuschul)
Europe's oldest continuously active synagogue, built in the Gothic style around 1270 in Prague's Josefov quarter. Survived seven hundred years of expulsions, fires, and the Nazi occupation. Legend long held that the Golem of Prague rests in its attic. Active Sabbath services to this day.
Synagogue · Newport, RI · 1763
Touro Synagogue
The oldest standing synagogue in the United States, dedicated December 2, 1763. Recipient of George Washington's 1790 letter on religious liberty — "to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance" — which remains a foundational text in American religious-freedom jurisprudence.
Synagogue · New York · 1887
Eldridge Street Synagogue
The first great house of worship built by Eastern European Jewish immigrants in America, dedicated 1887 on the Lower East Side. A National Historic Landmark, now home to the Museum at Eldridge Street.
Synagogue · Toledo · 1357
Synagogue of El Tránsito
Built in 1357 under Samuel ha-Levi, treasurer to Pedro of Castile, the El Tránsito synagogue is one of the most spectacular surviving monuments of medieval Sephardi Spain. Mudejar architecture, Hebrew and Arabic inscriptions side by side. Now the Sephardic Museum of Toledo (Museo Sefardí), Spain's National Museum of Hispano-Jewish Art since 1968.
Synagogue · Jerusalem · 1864 / 2010
The Hurva Synagogue
In the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City. Originally built 1864, destroyed by the Jordanian Arab Legion in 1948, reconstructed in 2010 on the original plan. Both the destruction and the reconstruction are documented architectural evidence of twentieth-century Jerusalem history.
Synagogue · Córdoba · 1315
Córdoba Synagogue
One of only three surviving medieval synagogues in Spain (with El Tránsito and Santa María la Blanca in Toledo), built in 1315 in Mudejar style. Closed by the Catholic Monarchs in 1492. Restored in the late 19th century. A physical anchor of the Golden Age of Sephardi Spain.
A curated map. More categories in production — MENA Jewish sites (Iraqi, Yemeni, Moroccan synagogues and quarters), Ethiopian Jewish heritage sites, postwar restitution institutional sites, and the National Library of Israel digital collections. Browse the Sources directory →