Sources

Begin here · The platform's substantive Topic content

The Topics this Sources page underwrites.

Before navigating to the external institutions below, educators and researchers should know what is on the platform itself. Makor's substantive content is organized into Topic pages across six Units, each grounded in the documentary record of the institutions listed below.

For the platform’s reference architecture: Timeline, Glossary, Maps, Field Trips, Films & Video, Museum, For K–5, In the Margin, and Editorial Standards. The two civic petitions and the supporting Topic architecture are at The Petitions.

Written and produced by the platform

Makor Originals.

These are the platform's own materials, written and produced by Makor — distinct from the outside organizations and archives listed elsewhere on this page. Every Topic page also prints to PDF from its own “Open PDF” button. □ A growing collection — new chapters and lessons are added as they are built.

Reference

• Timeline of Jewish History — open the timeline — A single chronological reference for the whole platform, from the biblical period to the present, with each era keyed to the Topics that cover it.

Textbook chapters · grades 9–12

• Ancient Israel and Judah: A Missing Chapter — read the chapter — The ancient Near Eastern setting of early Israel and Judah, written to fill the gap textbooks leave before the classical period. Aligns with NYS Global History 9.1.
• Judea in the Classical World: A Missing Chapter — read the chapter — Judea under Greek and Roman rule through the Second Temple period. Aligns with NYS Global History 9.3.

Lessons & handouts · grades 9–12

• Recognizing Propaganda: Then and Now — open the handout — A printable classroom handout pairing each recurring antisemitic myth with its modern form, with a recognition routine students can carry. Screen-readable and print-ready.

K–5 modules

Each module is a complete unit: a teacher's guide, hands-on activities, and a "words to know" vocabulary card. Built for the youngest learners, and explorable in full through the K–5 portal.

• Where Did the Synagogue Come From? — teacher's guide · timeline activity · inside-a-synagogue activity · words to know
• The Jewish Year — teacher's guide · wheel handout · matching activity · words to know
• Jewish Communities Around the World — teacher's guide · world-map handout · words to know
• Doing Good: Jewish Values — teacher's guide · values-in-action handout · words to know
• A Shabbat Table — teacher's guide · set-the-table activity · words to know

Holocaust memorialization and documentation

Holocaust institutions.

• Anne Frank House — annefrank.org — The historic site of Anne Frank's wartime hiding place in Amsterdam, now operating as a museum and educational institution.
• Galicia Jewish Museum — galiciajewishmuseum.org — Krakow-based, covering Polish Jewish history before, during, and after the Holocaust.
• Holocaust and Human Rights Education Center (HHREC) — hhrecny.org — Selected by NYSED to revise and update Holocaust curricular resources.
• Holocaust Memorial & Tolerance Center of Nassau County — hmtcli.org — New York-based Holocaust education institution partnered with school districts across Long Island.
• Museum of Jewish Heritage — A Living Memorial to the Holocaust — mjhnyc.org — New York's foundational Holocaust education and memorial institution.
• POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews — polin.pl — Warsaw-based museum covering 1,000 years of Polish Jewish history.
• U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) — ushmm.org — A federal institution affiliated with the Smithsonian, the U.S. national memorial to the Holocaust. Federally chartered October 7, 1980 (Public Law 96-388); opened April 22, 1993.
• Wiener Holocaust Library — wienerholocaustlibrary.org — London-based, founded 1933 to document Nazi persecution in real time — the world's oldest Holocaust archive.
• Yad Vashem — The World Holocaust Remembrance Center — yadvashem.org — Israel's national institution for Holocaust documentation, research, education, and commemoration. Established by Knesset law August 19, 1953.
• Yad Vashem · The Righteous Among the Nations Database — righteous.yadvashem.org — The searchable record of the non-Jewish rescuers recognized by Yad Vashem. Cited on the Jewish Resistance & Rescue Topic.
• USHMM Holocaust Encyclopedia · Resistance during the Holocaust — encyclopedia.ushmm.org — The reference treatment of armed and unarmed Jewish resistance. Cited on the Jewish Resistance & Rescue Topic.
• The Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation (JPEF) — jewishpartisans.org — Short films, survivor interviews, and standards-aligned lessons on the forest partisans. Cited on the Jewish Resistance & Rescue Topic.
• The Jewish Historical Institute (Żydowski Instytut Historyczny), Warsaw — jhi.pl/en — Holdings include the recovered Oneg Shabbat / Ringelblum Archive. Cited on the Jewish Resistance & Rescue Topic.
• Auschwitz-Birkenau State Memorial and Museum — auschwitz.org — The preserved site at Oświęcim, Poland; the largest Holocaust memorial site in the world. Collections and research. Cited on the Camp System Topic.
• Treblinka Museum of Struggle and Martyrdom — muzeumtreblinka.eu — The preserved memorial site of the Treblinka killing center. Cited on the Camp System Topic.
• Bełżec Museum (Muzeum-Miejsce Pamięci w Bełżcu) — belzec.eu — The memorial site of the Bełżec killing center, opened in 2004. Cited on the Camp System Topic.
• Sobibór Museum (Muzeum byłego niemieckiego obozu zagłady w Sobiborze) — sobibor-memorial.eu — The memorial site of the Sobibór killing center, with archaeological recovery work conducted since the 2000s. Cited on the Camp System Topic.
• Majdanek State Museum (Państwowe Muzeum na Majdanku) — majdanek.eu — The preserved site on the edge of Lublin, the most intact of the killing centers. Cited on the Camp System Topic.
• Chełmno Museum (Muzeum byłego Niemieckiego Obozu Zagłady Kulmhof w Chełmnie nad Nerem) — chelmno-muzeum.eu — The memorial site of the first dedicated killing center. Cited on the Camp System Topic.
• Terezín Memorial (Památník Terezín) — pamatnik-terezin.cz — The preserved site of Theresienstadt, with collections of surviving Theresienstadt artworks and children's drawings. Cited on the Camp System Topic.

Postwar reckoning · Restitution, memorialization, intergovernmental coordination

Postwar reckoning institutions.

• Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference) — claimscon.org — Founded September 1951 in New York by 23 international Jewish organizations under Nahum Goldmann. The representative of the Jewish people in postwar restitution negotiations. Approximately $90 billion distributed since 1952; approximately 300,000 survivors continue to receive payments as of the 2020s.
• World Jewish Restitution Organization (WJRO) — wjro.org.il — The umbrella organization for the restitution of Jewish property in Central and Eastern Europe outside Germany and Austria, founded 1992 under the post-Cold War conditions that opened the broader region to restitution claims.
• Stiftung "Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft" (EVZ Foundation) — stiftung-evz.de/eng — The "Remembrance, Responsibility and Future" Foundation, the German federal foundation established August 2, 2000 with €5.2 billion (50/50 German government and ~6,500 German companies). Approximately 1.66 million surviving forced and slave laborers in approximately 100 countries received payments across 2001–2007.
• International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) — holocaustremembrance.com — The intergovernmental organization coordinating Holocaust education, remembrance, and research across approximately 35 member states. Originally founded in 1998 as the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education. Adopted the Working Definition of Antisemitism on May 26, 2016.
• Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas (Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe) — stiftung-denkmal.de/en — The German federal foundation administering the Berlin Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (Peter Eisenman, 2005) and the parallel memorials to Roma and Sinti victims (2012), persecuted homosexuals (2008), and victims of the Nazi euthanasia program (2014).
• Stolpersteine project (Gunter Demnig) — stolpersteine.eu — The decentralized memorial project initiated 1992 by artist Gunter Demnig. Approximately 107,000 brass cobblestones installed in front of the prewar residences of Holocaust victims across 31 European countries as of 2025 — the largest decentralized memorial in the world.

Aktion T-4 · Memorial sites and documentation

T-4 memorial institutions.

• Gedenkstätte Hadamar (Hadamar Memorial) — gedenkstaette-hadamar.de — The preserved T-4 killing center at Hadamar near Limburg, Hesse. Approximately 10,072 documented killed at Hadamar in 1941, plus approximately 4,400 additional in the subsequent "wild euthanasia" through 1945.
• Lern- und Gedenkort Schloss Hartheim (Hartheim Castle Memorial) — schloss-hartheim.at — The preserved T-4 killing center at Schloss Hartheim near Linz, Austria. Approximately 30,000 documented killed at Hartheim across 1940–44, including approximately 18,000 disabled patients (T-4) and approximately 12,000 concentration camp prisoners (Operation 14f13). The documented "Hartheim Statistics" — the surviving postwar tally — gives the total formal T-4 program count as 70,273.
• Gedenkstätte Bernburg — gedenkstaette-bernburg.sachsen-anhalt.de — The preserved T-4 killing center at Bernburg an der Saale, Saxony-Anhalt. Approximately 9,400 documented killed at Bernburg in 1940–43 across T-4 and Operation 14f13.
• Gedenkstätte Brandenburg an der Havel — gedenkstaette-brandenburg.de — The preserved site of the first T-4 killing center, where gas-chamber technology was developed and tested in January–October 1940. Approximately 9,700 documented killed at Brandenburg.
• Gedenkstätte Pirna-Sonnenstein — stsg.de/cms/pirna — The preserved T-4 killing center at Sonnenstein near Pirna, Saxony. Approximately 13,720 documented killed at Sonnenstein across 1940–43.
• Gedenkstätte Grafeneck — gedenkstaette-grafeneck.de — The preserved T-4 killing center at Grafeneck in Baden-Württemberg, the first to begin systematic killings (January 1940). Approximately 10,654 documented killed at Grafeneck.
• USHMM Holocaust Encyclopedia · Euthanasia Program — encyclopedia.ushmm.org · Euthanasia Program — The reference treatment of T-4 in English.

Ethiopian Jewish institutions

Beta Israel documentation.

• Israel Association for Ethiopian Jews (IAEJ) — iaej.co.il/en — The advocacy and documentation organization for Ethiopian Israelis. Founded 1993.
• North American Conference on Ethiopian Jewry (NACOEJ) — nacoej.org — Founded 1982. The American partner for Ethiopian Jewish advocacy and ongoing immigration support.
• Beit Avi Chai · Sigd materials — bac.org.il — The Jerusalem cultural institution with documented programming on Beta Israel heritage.
• Sergei DeSilva-Ranasinghe and the Ethiopian Jewish Memorial in Jerusalem — documented at gov.il · Sigd — The Israeli state framework for Sigd as a national holiday (Knesset law, July 2008, observed on 29 Cheshvan).

Survivor testimony and Nazi-era documentation

Testimony archives.

• Arolsen Archives — International Center on Nazi Persecution — arolsen-archives.org — Houses over 30 million documents on the victims and survivors of Nazi persecution.
• Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies (Yale) — fortunoff.library.yale.edu — Yale's pioneering survivor testimony collection.
• USC Shoah Foundation — Visual History Archive — sfi.usc.edu — Over 55,000 video testimonies from Holocaust survivors and witnesses in 40 languages. Includes the Antisemitism Since 1945 and October 7 Testimonies collections.

National archives, libraries, and major collections

National-scale collections.

• Bibliothèque Nationale de France — bnf.fr — The French national library, with Hebrew manuscript holdings dating back centuries. Gallica digital library is free.
• The British Library — bl.uk — Major Hebrew and Yiddish manuscript collections, including some of the world's oldest Hebrew manuscripts.
• The British Museum — britishmuseum.org — Major holdings of ancient and medieval Jewish material culture, with objects from across the diaspora.
• Archivio di Stato di Venezia (Venice State Archive) — archiviodistatovenezia.it — The state archive of the former Republic of Venice, at Campo dei Frari. Holds the Senate decree of March 29, 1516 establishing the Ghetto Nuovo (Senato Terra, registro 19, fol. 78r) — the founding document of the world's first ghetto. Decree text via the Jewish Community of Venice.
• Israel State Archives — archives.gov.il — The official archive of the State of Israel. Declassified government documents and primary sources.
• Library of Congress — loc.gov — The de facto national library of the United States, with the largest collection of primary-source materials in the country.
• National Archives — archives.gov — The U.S. government's central record-keeping institution. DocsTeach is their primary-source-based teaching platform.
• National Library of Israel — nli.org.il — Israel's national library. Free English-language lesson plans and primary-source resources for K–12 educators worldwide.
• Smithsonian Institution — si.edu — The world's largest museum and research complex. The Smithsonian Learning Lab is built for educator use.

Catholic archives and Christian-Jewish studies

Catholic-Jewish records.

• Boston College Center for Christian-Jewish Learning — bc.edu/cjl
• Notre Dame Hesburgh Library Jewish Studies Collection — library.nd.edu
• Vatican Apostolic Archive — archives.vatican.va — Houses original papal bulls (including Cum nimis absurdum), records of the Roman Inquisition, and Vatican correspondence with European rulers.
• Vatican Apostolic Library (Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana) — vatlib.it — DigiVatLib is their extensive open-access digital library.
• Facing History & Ourselves — Educational resources including Understanding Christian Roots of Antisemitism and The Power of a Lie: History of the Blood Libel.

Museums of Jewish art, material culture, and history

Jewish museums.

• ANU – Museum of the Jewish People — anumuseum.org.il — Tel Aviv-based, the world's largest Jewish museum, spanning thousands of years of Jewish history.
• The Israel Museum — imj.org.il — Israel's national museum, holding the largest collection of Judaica and Holy Land archaeology in the world, including the Dead Sea Scrolls.
• Jewish Historical Museum, Amsterdam — jck.nl — Part of the Jewish Cultural Quarter alongside the Portuguese Synagogue and the Hollandsche Schouwburg memorial site.
• Jewish Museum Berlin — jmberlin.de — Germany's national institution for Jewish history and culture.
• The Jewish Museum (New York) — thejewishmuseum.org — Encyclopedic collection of Jewish art and culture spanning four millennia.
• The Magnes Collection of Jewish Art and Life — magnes.berkeley.edu — UC Berkeley-affiliated, one of the largest Judaica collections in the United States.
• The Metropolitan Museum of Art — metmuseum.org — The Met Open Access collection is Creative Commons Zero.
• Museum at Eldridge Street — eldridgestreet.org — Historic synagogue museum on the Lower East Side, NYC.
• The Skirball Cultural Center — skirball.org — Los Angeles-based, exploring the intersection of Jewish heritage and American democracy.
• Art of the Middle Ages — artofthemiddleages.com — Open educational resource on medieval art and material culture, including items relevant to medieval Jewish life.

Jewish studies institutions and Cairo Geniza materials

Research institutions.

• American Jewish Historical Society — ajhs.org — The primary archive for American Jewish history, housed within the Center for Jewish History in NYC.
• Cambridge University Library — Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit — lib.cam.ac.uk — Holds approximately 193,000 fragments from the Cairo Geniza, dating from the 9th to 19th centuries.
• Center for Jewish History (NYC) — cjh.org — Consortium institution housing YIVO, American Jewish Historical Society, Leo Baeck Institute, American Sephardi Federation, and Yeshiva University Museum.
• Jewish Women's Archive — jwa.org — The foundational resource for Jewish women's history in the United States, including the Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women.
• Leo Baeck Institute — lbi.org — Premier archive for German-Jewish history, with branches in New York, Berlin, and Jerusalem.
• Penn Libraries — Cairo Geniza Collection — library.upenn.edu — The University of Pennsylvania's portion of the Cairo Geniza materials.
• Sino-Judaic Institute — sino-judaic.org — The leading scholarly organization for Chinese Jewish history (Kaifeng community and Shanghai refugees during WWII).
• Stroum Center for Jewish Studies (University of Washington) — jewishstudies.washington.edu — University-based Jewish studies center with extensive open-access educational publishing.
• Yiddish Book Center — yiddishbookcenter.org — Amherst-based, houses the world's largest collection of Yiddish books with the free Spielberg Digital Yiddish Library.
• Exploring Judaism · The Observant Life — exploringjudaism.org — The Rabbinical Assembly’s plain-language guide to Conservative Jewish practice, including the biblical and halakhic basis of the dietary laws (cited on the Blood Libel Topic for the prohibition against consuming blood).
• YIVO Institute for Jewish Research — yivo.org — The world's largest research institute and archive of Eastern European Jewish culture.
• Fordham University · Center for Jewish Studies — Including The Jews of Iraq in Modern Times — scholar Edwin Shuker's family-history account.

Mizrahi and Sephardi institutions and oral histories

MENA & Sephardi.

• Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center — bjhc.org.il — Iraqi Jewish history specifically: documentation, museum, oral histories, scholarly research covering 2,600 years.
• Ben-Zvi Institute (Yad Ben-Zvi) — ybz.org.il — Israel's national research institute for the study of Jewish communities in Muslim lands.
• Diarna Geo-Museum — diarna.org — Digital archive of Mizrahi and Sephardi heritage sites across the Middle East and North Africa.
• JIMENA — Jews Indigenous to the Middle East and North Africa — jimena.org — Documenting and teaching the history and contemporary experience of Jews from Arab and Muslim-majority countries.
• Sephardi Voices — sephardivoices.com — Leading dedicated oral history project documenting Jewish refugees from Arab and Muslim-majority countries.
• Society for Crypto-Judaic Studies — cryptojews.com — The leading scholarly organization for the study of crypto-Jewish communities — Conversos, Bnei Anusim, Iberian Jewish populations who maintained Jewish identity secretly.
• 7 Dorim · 7 Generations — 7dorim.com — Mizrahi heritage documentation project.
• Michael Rakowitz · The Invisible Enemy Should Not Exist — michaelrakowitz.com/return — Artist's reconstructions of looted artifacts — relevant to material-culture loss.

Soviet and Russian Jewish history

Soviet Jewish history.

• Blavatnik Archive Foundation — blavatnikarchive.org — Major US-based archive documenting Soviet Jewish history, with particular focus on the more than 500,000 Jewish soldiers who served in the Red Army during WWII.

Contemporary antisemitism research

Antisemitism research institutions.

• Anti-Defamation League (ADL) — adl.org — Founded 1913, a national organization tracking and responding to antisemitism, bigotry, and extremism. Publishes the ADL Audit of Antisemitic Incidents. Lesson resources include When Hateful Symbols Cause Hurt and Harm, Words that Can Hurt, Help and Heal, The Jewish Community in the US, and Celebrating Jewish American Heritage.
• Kantor Center for the Study of Contemporary European Jewry (Tel Aviv University) — kantorcenter.tau.ac.il — Publishes the Annual Antisemitism Worldwide Report.
• Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism (TAU) — kantorcenter.tau.ac.il — Long-standing scholarly center within the Kantor Center.
• U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum — Holocaust Encyclopedia entries: Antisemitism, Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Blood Libel, Hajj Amin al-Husayni.
• Combat Antisemitism Movement — The Charge of Deicide and Antisemitism — feature article tracing the theological accusation.
• Jeffrey Herf — Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World — jstor.org — Major scholarly study documenting Nazi Germany's Arabic-language propaganda efforts during World War II and the Holocaust.
• ConsiderTheSourceNY — Chiune Sugihara Case Study — considerthesourceny.org — New York State educational case study noting the circulation of the Protocols in the Japanese Empire.
• International Institute for Asian Studies — The Russian Protocols of Zion in Japan — iias.asia — Scholarly review and bibliography.
• ADL Audit of Antisemitic Incidents — adl.org/audit — Annual measurement of antisemitic incidents in the United States, published since 1979. The principal long-running measurement of K–12, university, public-place, and Jewish-antisemitic incidents in the United States.
• Claims Conference · Holocaust Knowledge surveys — claimscon.org — The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany commissions periodic surveys of US adult Holocaust knowledge. The 2020 Schoen survey of US adults (documented that 22% of US millennials had not heard of or were unsure if they had heard of the Holocaust) is among the reference points for documenting the Holocaust-literacy gap.
• Pew Research Center · Religious Knowledge surveys — pewresearch.org/religion — The 2010, 2014, 2019, and 2021 Pew religious-knowledge surveys document American adult knowledge of religious history, including Jewish history and the Holocaust.

Refugee aid and immigration documentation

Refugee aid records.

• American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Archives (the "Joint") — archives.jdc.org — The JDC has been the primary Jewish humanitarian aid organization for over a century.
• HIAS — hias.org — Founded 1881 as the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society.

Educational resource organizations

K–12 educational organizations.

• ConsiderTheSourceNY — considerthesourceny.org — NYS curricular platform infrastructure hosting state-vetted classroom resources.
• Institute for Curriculum Services (ICS) — icsresources.org — A national educational nonprofit dedicated to improving the accuracy of K–12 instruction on Jews, Judaism, Israel, and Jewish history.
• Unpacked for Educators — unpacked.education — A free video-based curriculum platform on Jewish and Israeli history.
• PBS Learning Media · Jewish American collections — Including Black and Jewish America, GI Jews: Jewish Americans in WWII, and the US and the Holocaust collection.
• Tenement Museum · Teaching with Oral History — tenement.org · lesson plans
• Echoes & Reflections — echoesandreflections.org — Free Holocaust-education curriculum partnership of ADL, USC Shoah Foundation, and Yad Vashem.
• Jewish Virtual Library — jewishvirtuallibrary.org
• Creighton Vatican Resources — moses.creighton.edu — Catholic-Jewish dialogue archive.
• Anti-Defamation League · "No Place for Hate" elementary program — adl.org/no-place-for-hate — ADL's K–12 program framework focused on age-appropriate identity-respect education, with extensive K–5 elementary materials.
• Learning for Justice (formerly Teaching Tolerance) — learningforjustice.org — Founded 1991 by the Southern Poverty Law Center. Provides K–12 anti-bias and inclusive-curriculum educational resources, including extensive K–5 materials.
• Anne Frank Center USA — annefrank.com — American educational organization affiliated with the Anne Frank House (Amsterdam). Provides K–12 educational resources, traveling exhibitions, and age-appropriate Anne Frank curriculum framework.
• American Jewish Committee (AJC) — ajc.org — Founded 1906. Publishes research on contemporary antisemitism, including the AJC State of Antisemitism in America surveys. Provides educational and policy resources.
• USHMM · Belfer National Conference for Educators — ushmm.org/belfer-conference — USHMM's flagship annual teacher professional development conference on Holocaust education, with extensive year-round educator programs.
• Yad Vashem · International School for Holocaust Studies — yadvashem.org/education — Has trained approximately 400,000 educators worldwide since its founding. Provides multilingual Holocaust education materials calibrated by age band.

International textbook research and curriculum monitoring

Scholarly bodies that analyze school textbooks against international standards.

• Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research — gei.de/en — The principal European academic center for systematic analysis of school textbooks worldwide, based in Braunschweig, Germany. Publishes peer-reviewed scholarship on textbook treatment of historical and contemporary subjects across national curricula.
• IMPACT-se (Institute for Monitoring Peace and Cultural Tolerance in School Education) — impact-se.org — Founded 1998. Systematically analyzes textbooks from the Palestinian Authority, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, Jordan, the UAE, and other countries against UNESCO standards. Publishes annual reports documenting compliance, reforms, and remaining concerns. Reports archive: impact-se.org/reports.
• UNESCO Textbook Standards and Reviews — unesco.org — UNESCO maintains educational content standards on the depiction of "the other" and publishes commissioned reviews. The 2019–2021 commissioned review of Palestinian Authority textbooks is part of this architecture.
• European Parliament · Resolution of April 29, 2021 — europarl.europa.eu — The document conditioning Palestinian Authority educational funding on textbook content reforms, citing IMPACT-se findings and the UNESCO review.

American curriculum and policy frameworks

State and federal statutes, education-department frameworks, and policy infrastructure.

• Never Again Education Act (Public Law 116-141) — Signed May 29, 2020 — congress.gov · S.2085 — Federal statute establishing dedicated funding through the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum for K–12 Holocaust education professional development. The first major federal action on K–12 Holocaust education.
• Holocaust Education and Antisemitism Lessons (HEAL) Act — Pending federal legislation. Bipartisan-sponsored. Senate leads: Senators Jacky Rosen (D-NV) and James Lankford (R-OK). The HEAL Act expands the federal framework to include broader antisemitism education content alongside Holocaust education.
• New York Education Law §801 — Holocaust education — Enacted 1994 — nysenate.gov — The New York State statute establishing Holocaust education in NY public schools. One of the two first state Holocaust education mandates in the United States (New Jersey's 1994 mandate was the other).
• New York Education Law §801 — Irish Famine, immigration, and other civic-history mandates — nysenate.gov — The broader NY statute that establishes the framework for other state-mandated history content (Irish Famine 1996, etc.) against which the equal-treatment benchmark for Jewish history coverage can be calibrated.
• NYSED · Dignity for All Students Act (DASA) — In effect since July 1, 2012 — nysed.gov/dignity-act — The New York State framework for reporting and addressing harassment, discrimination, and bullying in K–12 schools, including antisemitic incidents.
• NYS Social Studies Framework · Key Ideas — nysed.gov/social-studies — The NYSED curriculum framework documenting the standards architecture against which the platform's two petitions argue. Key Idea 9.2 (Belief Systems) and Key Idea 10.5 (Twentieth Century) are the canonical reference points.
• NYC DOE · Scope and Sequence (Social Studies) — weteachnyc.org — The published New York City Department of Education K–12 Social Studies framework documents.
• The Makor Project · Standards & Mandates — makorproject.org/state-mandates — The platform’s reference on where Holocaust and genocide education is required — in U.S. states and worldwide — what the mandates ask, and how Makor aligns to those standards.
• USHMM · Where Holocaust Education Is Required in the U.S. — ushmm.org — The authoritative tracker of U.S. state Holocaust-education requirements.
• Education Commission of the States · State Policies Concerning Holocaust Education — ecs.org — Comparative analysis of state Holocaust-education policies.
• Echoes & Reflections · Interactive map of state requirements — echoesandreflections.org — A current, mapped view of which U.S. states require Holocaust education.
• California Education Code §51220(b) — genocide and Holocaust instruction — leginfo.legislature.ca.gov — California’s requirement (since 1985) for genocide and Holocaust instruction in grades 7–12.

Reference works that treat the full arc well.

Wide-ranging scholarly surveys that cover Jewish civilization across its full span — antiquity through the present — offered as models of complete coverage and as teacher background reading. These are college- and reference-level works, not K–12 classroom texts. (The project has not identified a mainstream K–12 textbook that does the full arc well; resources examined are documented in In the Margin.)

• Efron, John, Steven Weitzman, and Matthias Lehmann. The Jews: A History. 3rd ed. Routledge / Taylor & Francis, 2018. ISBN 9781138298446 — routledge.com — A widely used university survey by chaired Jewish-history professors at Berkeley, UC Irvine, and the University of Pennsylvania. Carries the full span — the ancient Near East, the Greek and Roman world, the medieval realms of Christianity and Islam, modern Europe and the Holocaust, and contemporary America and Israel — with maps, illustrations, and case studies. A model of what continuous, accurately sourced coverage looks like.
• Berenbaum, Michael, and Fred Skolnik, eds. Encyclopaedia Judaica. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 22 vols. ISBN 9780028659282 — gale.com — The standard scholarly reference encyclopedia of Jewish history, religion, and culture: more than 21,000 signed entries by Israeli, American, and European specialists, and winner of the American Library Association’s Dartmouth Medal. The first place to check a name, place, term, or date anywhere across the arc.
• Davies, W. D., and Louis Finkelstein, founding eds. The Cambridge History of Judaism. 8 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984–2017. — cambridge.org — The authoritative multi-volume scholarly history, running from the Persian period through the modern world (1815–2000). Each chapter is written by a specialist; the standard place to find the state of scholarship on a single era. Subsequent volumes appeared under various editors.
• Ben-Sasson, H. H., ed. A History of the Jewish People. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976. ISBN 9780674397316 — hup.harvard.edu — A single-volume scholarly survey of the full span, written by six historians of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. A long-standing university standard for continuous, sourced coverage from antiquity to the modern period.

Why the record is open

History grows stronger when the evidence can be examined.

Every institution named on this page can be visited, searched, and read independently of Makor. That is deliberate. A historical account is only as trustworthy as the evidence a reader is free to examine, and nothing here asks to be taken on faith. The documents, the objects, and the scholarship are held by the archives, museums, libraries, and research institutions above — and readers are encouraged to go to them directly, to follow any claim back to its origin and weigh it on its own terms. The record has been kept. It rewards anyone willing to look.